HomeMy WebLinkAbout[013] Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding4
win Introduction to :IhoGt Rcsoarch Station' Powarkheda
Jr1J.aI ART•li T'; tL - 7 'I IDvaYl <i..r•►
'L 1~.~ IiRI~~~l VZuI~I V
1
Sim ion 'ifheat Resoarcli Station, Powar 'ieda is situated
in between Ilosliangabad and Ita_rsi on tLie Bhopal-Nagpur high war.
It is easily approachable by road. The nearest rail-va.y station
is I7osflano-abac~ (G Ism f~otn I~owatrkheL a) and rail junction Itarsi
(11 I7,711 froYi Fowarkheda by road).
Ir.troductiora - The e' Perir:^ental Farm qt Powarkiieda has been
one of the oldest station opened by t1ac ?radhya Pfadesh
:agriculture Department in the year 191,037 primarily with an
object to underta?;e ilL ronomical and Botanical work on. wheat and
other i>nportant rabi crops and to MlltiplN, pedigreed seed of
important crop strains.
Wheat Research 6tation7 Powarklieda is the main
centre for wheat research in ~~T.P. started from 2nd June 1941,
with the object to evolve suitable wheat varieties resistant
to stem and leaf rusts, for T acliiya Pradesh. flieat Improvement
cork is also carried out at Jabalpur_j Gwalio-r and 'Rew,a'under
•T'T.I'-rishi V islzwa V idyalay a department of Genetics and Plant
Breeding, Jabalpur.
ne at Broedinm
Improvement of aiieat in ;.'.p. was started a~ T
air Geoffrey Evans during Ihe first decade of this century,
cull
the varieties cultivated in the state before 1950 were the
results of efforts of Evans, IIoward and lio_ward. Evans isolated
good wheat varieties i.e. A' 131 A0 110 687
IV) 85, A0 38 rand A0 90. These' varieties though hard
sharbati, were gained an
succeptible to rust fungi. hybridization. work
was also started by Evans to reprove the stsinding ability, yield,,'
and grain quality and the famous sharba,ti (.Amber) strains namely
A 112, A 113, and A 115 were evolved from the c•r_oss Mondiya
(awnless) , x Khapli (i• diccocum). within due course of time
these varieties were found to be suaeptible to rusts. Production
of wheat in per unit area was very/much depressed due to the
onset of rust epidemic during 1926-27, ~
1.;43--44 and 1946-47.
Agricultural Council of India fett the need to develop rust
resistant strains. With this aim in view the state Government
with the financial assistance of the I.C..'.I{. initiated the
present Wheat Breeding Scheme at Povarklzeda in 1941.
O
Exhaustive survey"of wheat varieties and rust
fungi was undertaken in the state. Shri B.B. Ekbote, the
first Wheat Specialist of M.P. started work to incorporate
rust resistan& in prevalent wheat varieties$ and came out
with a set of 15 varieties i.e. Hy 31 5g 8I ill 12, 14, 17,
18, 19 7 25, 38, 65, 171, 277 and 278 in 1953-54'. Among durums
Hy 32 and Hy 34 were also evolved. vut of these, now a days
TT 11 and Hy 65 are most popular. VarLeties like C 591,
C 2811 I.P.,~11 TT.P. 71C2 TT.P. 718 and RS 31-1 got introduced
before 1950 and then in 10.57. Improvement work was
also taken up at Indian Plant Industry, Indore in forties.
U j 1 ain 2 and 6 9 LK 69 j IKE I T.I 4 among Durums and U j j aihn 22
(T.aestivum) were sorle of the selections. T11c wheat
imp_rovemcnt dork at Powarkhe(l a continued with the use of
resistant ,'`ho'cit strains C"" 7Cnra (*7 39, Gabe
~ • ~ f
(Ssustralia), Gasa, Nurshit 163 G 4-481 E` yptian d,trun and
,:rabian duruin T7o~V thatch and ~';,FP. 790. !!?acilitA. e's for time
rust resistance host warc- availabl:c at `rahablesl)war.
4~6 aru:inat ,~d approach of ill India >dl:1eat I',prov^--qent
Pre- rarlarae V4as started from 1961 and systematic work was
stared at Powarkheda also. fter lD607 tills station got
released IIy 633s Y.P. 839' 1'T.P. 4C~1~ Ler-raaro jo, Sonora 64,
Kalyansonai aonalika, ilia.rba±i onor 3el" (I T orna and
C hhoti Lerma under Uoordinated :wheat I-i.provement Programme.
-L, wheat is provement work was continuod by Dr. 3.P. Singh
lac joined in January 1962. Tine varieties released so far
yieldcei 10-L''51a~ more under rainfod and. 100-1501under irrigated
conditions, over the local available varieties.
Tl-is station has also pl a a;'ed a significant role
In the "Gr:~cn rovolt?tion". The activit-ins of *"h-l ,station
~a.--: i~r,--jught recent trends 'and teehnioues to the ''etitltivator' s
fields. TI--e success, of wheat package is partly because of
thorough training of the e]"tensiori staff and e;luc_4ting- the
Cultivators;. The present wlle;at improveiilent work airqs to evolve--
Varieties f^x' ~re,e fertilzt~r lDv;:ls ~a,'.1u 'resistant tc. -1-11 the
rrev«lcont races of black and bro,-rn- masts of state.
1111P 145 is
fertility, '•_p(), 192~
tl)Ie d,aruris for
hi(l
and IT 1'~2 e-ere in t~
in final testing stage under Iligi1
TO 193 ITO 195 and IIPO '12? are az',nong
fortilitJr. 171) p"IP 11 Irp 160
~St ng St or T:: iliel'l? . ertiiity
e
f '
d,'-eat -DIro,'-din- :gar raznfec :^11di oll5 is uCf1
rior advanced, a?'~nada 4
' a Most suitable v:-;riety for
rainfo cultivation was rel usryd in 1071. This variety fnr
rainfeu grains and is spreading in 7.1. P. Pajasthan U.P.
and Gujrat. T?a.rmada 112 a nevi strains from 0 306 x ily 65
cross was approved for Central 2~oae by All India 'iheat
Res`:arch Jorkers dorkshop in 1073. IiP 160, r.P 156' lip 157
and 1P 174 are in the final stanGs of tcst.~ng for low.
f---rtility. These varieties are doing well in Peninsular
Zone also.
Type of investirations
in plant breeding' the objective is to breed Izigl-,
yielding and disease resistant varieties of bread ,arid i;ard
w1ieats suitable for different agroclimatic regions of the
state and also to suit high medium and low fertility
conditions. Lines from ( E' 4557 x T?P "3J) x (CianoMoleson)
( 550--f x 'r.T.P. 0;39) x up 301;, UP, u01 x ID(M) 15931 Y 50 x K-3
Lb x (Oiano X Inia) and many others are in station trims
under ljigli fertility.
In Agronomy t!,,e object is to work out tjie agronomical
requirement of i, .proved and recomr,iordea wt-eat varieties ti,ritl1
special reference to doses of nitrogen, times of planting
suitability o_" rainfed conditions) optimum seed rate under
diffe~~unt so,oing dates, and suitability for late sowing
in doublo cropper areas.
In IrycoloUy) crcrk is Uirecto(a to screen se-reg g
atin
and advanced generation of crosses' a :_.inst stems and leaf
rusts, loose a?1u'{,I foot. rot r
i;d root-.rot' 'Alternaa and
elmi t.,,os ~oriu b y
ligtitd and ether diseas s
I.n physiology, work is being ~
con.u.-c.cted to -
understand th~o -echanism of Urourl3.t resist ,
~ ance, intezcjap
competition effects on -111,_: _=,t nllys io l--gy , root development
studies and other phys inlogicl problP-s' of applied value.
' In enta??lnl omgr ~
tree work aims t~) investigate iihoat
pests and their control measures, mainly Lither_j ona ~
t;3 rni .C s t d l .n ) `a'.u4.1] tai g
T^.c e -tension 'viork at t'
t Z=~ : ta~;:io» ails ' to educate
11e c , ? t iva-'o rs of s u c,u_rdin villa-es by r ,
Out e:>te~1a1!)?.7 ~'Jc~rricr t, ~ ✓ personal. approac.x^s.
s tr,, "e chan<-c t!-In
u ('SZ.:t look of the
cult ivti, t~, rs in growi,-,G +
aIcast .3 crops a year.
piece cif l.anu b'T t rod. On „ie same
9 ✓ adore ting al !-o'crn tec!1p:'gL.-E:s.
t
A'O, - ! ; 100") quintals o nucl. us and fo•n. t
i"~ u::dtio:7.
aG:'.u I- I of ia': ' 11 it. ! 5 ZiS l':;l ly
distributcd esT^ry fear to va'_'Zous
h
and ,t c?t1:1' pr5_-Vito aonoies in the st«tc izi
-Future
This can rye d` velopod into an important ccntr`~s
of i^ll at in,--irQ?u~'ivY1t
ltt1 inc'.easin- C,t r,arCis of
v,:,-'ie' ics for cent?' o --ndla
T111G irri.-cation Water from Tawa .river darn will be
available from ne<zt ;Te ar onr rtl.
7.7a.-'',aLl valley- ~ro e: Lt 1S
V v
Wltl'lin. cars. Tk,e irri;,at,d
will. 'efinitcls- be incrc4s. ci Withir
r.
,onvrc.te are nc L Li c
t.,e population..
op c
d to he Operated
aa'O a 01" tl entr ~z India
newt 1^-J5 years.
the nood of for
Jl?Cil a lash at r :.i; trl ci- Station ::i11 f l mall
_ too s
to Tlcrat t it 7~t J
(i.- I-aSt u'aS.rt:.
login;
G ?1:!1tr~,r ? i~r' Tn,'-7 a. T ?Stifle., t 10 e :Y) tnSiC??1. of ti IL
it -LIcls`a]'Gli anC Gon C'r5'lOn jrlfheat 1i t'
c' i? u= r....~sl
Tnstit?,.te for Cnontr l L- di t ~ k -4 U.
.,l Y u decided "';;r t l-e +kv "z-1 ? S i rC.~ I rs.
-t
P1".n o:t; 'r•JG r? -
Into z,sive r--search for aav._ lomr-ant of deep rooteLi
vaT'ZOtics rainfeC? L-,re
uS is n., aged. In t►'"
.~L tyro o
:'cork, o?'U:;S3es of Zr:"Lnter wheat 1~- springy; wreat .ii? l star-11:0d.
'She northern ?.tp suffo}J fY' t, -
o:. i rC? tr. ;1SVva10Y?-,~ Y ~ i~
creen.;..nU of v~l ?'ZC''F 1trS fob' I10 , x+r..,r S+ t
Thermo
v;~r:ietins for early so-viZn~r are
ncodec~ to ta11~ f~a1.1.
:~d~ ~n at,o , of cpt_imum moisture in rainfed
4,1c.at area. acrcon7.n7 n -l'
ny"tlTll' c v r
omplc ion-.~ Of T ,
n - o_. r':a.r.~,taua ~Tall.c,~r ~ r~
i ~ ~ .rojeGt any in
r~'St?r=.?~~tt~)d CZ Ci.lsi,r1G'!- Tawa ,
a ~"roject -41111 nc d inte.r-sive res.
to dcvc1o arch
p :iLi Ltiltlo V;'a 'Z tZca for iiZg,l fertility -cnd -tionS.